The dangers of childbirth
A study published in the academic journal Human Reproduction found that women who had children had a significant change in a genetic marker associated with aging compared with women who had not had children. That means their cells may be undergoing an accelerated aging process.
The study drew on data from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999-2002. The researchers then analyzed the relationship between telomeres and fertility, a genetic marker at the ends of chromosomes contained in the data. The researchers found that after controlling for factors such as age, race, education level, and smoking history, the average telomere length of women with a reproductive history was still 4.2% shorter than that of women who had never given birth, equivalent to 11 years of accelerated cellular aging. .
"We were also shocked to find such striking results," said Anna Pollack, an epidemiologist at George Mason University who participated in the study. "Having a baby is equivalent to 11 years of accelerated aging in cells."
Weight gain, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, averages 25 to 35 pounds (11 to 16 kilograms) during pregnancy, and that weight will not only accompany you during your October pregnancy, but even long after giving birth. Hard to get rid of.
Urinary incontinence, because during vaginal delivery, the muscles that control the bladder become weak, the nerves and related tissues of the bladder are damaged, and even worse, pelvic floor shedding can occur. Even a caesarean section may not avoid the trouble of urinary incontinence later in life.
Hair volume crisis, many pregnant mothers said that the hair often curls and falls out after pregnancy. In fact, this is caused by hormonal changes in the pregnant mother's body after pregnancy. Usually, the most serious signs of hair loss appear when the child is 6 months old.
Tooth loss, a study of 2,635 women published in the American Journal of Public Health found that the more children a person had, the more likely she was to lose teeth. The average woman between the ages of 35 and 49 lost an average of two teeth with one child and four with two children. At the same time, those with more than four children may lose seven teeth. Other oral changes caused by pregnancy may include enlarged gums and increased frequency of tooth bleeding, which the researchers say should be due to increased blood flow throughout the body.
complication:
Each year, ill health as a result of pregnancy is experienced (sometimes permanently) by more than 20 million women around the world. In 2016, complications of pregnancy resulted in 230,600 deaths down from 377,000 deaths in 1990. Common causes include bleeding (72,000), infections (20,000), hypertensive diseases of pregnancy (32,000), obstructed labor (10,000), and pregnancy with abortive outcome (20,000), which includes miscarriage, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy.
The following are some examples of pregnancy complications:
Postpartum depression, a common but solvable complication following childbirth that may result from decreased hormonal levels.
Thromboembolic disorders, with an increased risk due to hypercoagulability in pregnancy. These are the leading cause of death in pregnant women in the US.
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP), a skin disease that develops around the 32nd week. Signs are red plaques, papules, and itchiness around the belly button that then spreads all over the body except for the inside of hands and face.
Ectopic pregnancy, including abdominal pregnancy, implantation of the embryo outside the uterus
Hyperemesis gravidarum, excessive nausea and vomiting that is more severe than normal morning sickness.
Pulmonary embolism, a blood clot that forms in the legs and migrates to the lungs.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a rare complication thought to be brought about by a disruption in the metabolism of fatty acids by mitochondria.
There is also an increased susceptibility and severity of certain infections in pregnancy.
Maternal Mortality:
Experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the World Bank, and world-renowned scholars The United Nations Maternal Mortality Assessment Agencies Panel, which constitutes the United Nations, defines maternal death as:
"Deaths of women during pregnancy or within 42 days postpartum due to any factors related to pregnancy and pregnancy management, not due to length of pregnancy, location of pregnancy, or accident."
Maternal mortality morbidity is calculated by three factors, namely, maternal mortality rate, lifetime risk of maternal mortality, and the proportion of maternal mortality among women of childbearing age.
According to the World Health Organization, in 2016, the main causes of maternal death worldwide were: postpartum haemorrhage (27%), infection (11%), unsafe abortion (8%), high blood pressure during pregnancy (preeclampsia and toxemia of pregnancy) (14%), obstructed labor (9%), embolism (3%), and medical history (28%). Indirect factors include malaria, anemia, AIDS, and cardiovascular disease, all of which can make pregnancy difficult or aggravated by pregnancy.
Maternal deaths by region in 2017
Around 830 women worldwide die every day from complications related to pregnancy or childbirth. An estimated 303,000 women died during and after pregnancy and childbirth in 2015. Between 2000 and 2017, the global maternal mortality ratio decreased by 38%, from 342 to 211 deaths per 100,000 live births. In other words, an estimated 295,000 women died in 2017 from complications during pregnancy and childbirth.
sanitary condition:
Poor women in remote areas simply do not have access to adequate health care. This is especially the case in regions with low numbers of skilled health workers, such as sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. While antenatal care has improved in many parts of the world over the past decade, only 51 percent of women in low-income developing countries benefit from skilled care during childbirth. This means that millions of births are carried out without the assistance of a midwife, doctor or trained nurse.
Almost all women in high-income countries have had at least four antenatal visits and are attended by skilled health workers during delivery and postpartum care. In 2015, only 40% of pregnant women in low-income countries had four prenatal visits.
Other factors that prevent women from receiving or seeking medical care during pregnancy and childbirth are:
poor
Long Trip
lack of information
underserved
cultural practices
Children under-five mortality rate:
The neonatal period (the first month after birth) is a critical period for a child's survival. The risk of death is greatest in the neonatal period, from birth to the 15th birthday. About 40% of deaths in children under the age of 15 occur within the first month of life. An estimated 2.5 million newborns died in the first month of life globally in 2018, with an average of about 7,000 newborn deaths per day.
Number of deaths of children under 5 years old by region in 2018 (unit: thousand)
Number of deaths of children under 15 in 2018 (unit: million)
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